Analysis and interpretations of Glaxo Smithkline Beechem' financial Essay

Investigation and understandings of Glaxo Smithkline Beechem' fiscal reports - Essay Example ed his diuretic pills business in England in 1842 Following its effective business, Beecham began the world’s first plant for assembling of prescriptions at St Helens in England in 1859. In 1885, Thomas Beecham’s organization turned into the first to get power in the zone St Helens two years after the organization set up its home office at Silver Street and Water Street in 1885. Beecham’s creation of diuretic pills arrived at 1 million every day by 1913. In 1945, it became Beecham Group Ltd with the merger of Beecham Pills Ltd and Beecham’s Estates Ltd. In 1972, Beecham’s researchers presented its exploration item Amoxicillin, a generally utilized anti-infection till today in 1972 (GlaxoSmithkline). 4 Smithkline Allen and Handburys Ltd’s forerunner Plow Court Pharmacy was begun by Silvanus Beevan in London in 1715. John K Smith began his first medications store in Philadelphia in 1830 and his sibling George went along with him in 1841 to shap e John K Smith and Co which was later joined by Mahlon Kline as a clerk in 1865 to become Smith and Shoemaker. He accepting extra obligations as a sales rep and included numerous huge organizations as its clients which brought about the development of Smith Kline and Company in 1875 in acknowledgment of Kiline’s commitment to the business. The new organization obtained French firm Richards and Company in 1891 collecting in a wide scope of shopper brands. In 1929, it was renamed as Smith Kline and French Laboratories to predominantly concentrate on research. In 1950s, the organization presented against insane medication chlorpromazine which upset treatment of psychological maladjustment and turned into the original focal sensory system sedate. In 1952, the organization drew out the time-discharged medication of dextoamphetamine sulfate (Dexedrine) and utilized it in Spansule which was novel... This examination discusses Glaxo Welcome and Smithkline Beechem, the four organizations whose chronicles go back to eighteenth century officially converged in 2000 to become GlaxcoSmithKline Plc (GSK). Therefore, GSK was fused in December 1999 under English Law and offers were recorded on the London Stock Exchange and the New York stock trade. In the end in December 2000, GSK obtained Glaxo Welcome Plc and Smithkline Beecham Plc.The cooperative energy originating from their alliance since the year 2000 has been answerable for their development since the time till today. The organization has kept up the turnover at  £ 28.4 bn as in a year ago despite the fact that income per share have pointedly declined to 32.1 p from 109.1 p in a year ago. R and D consumption was at 14 % of the company’s all out deals. There has been 20 % development in the offer of Horlicks in India, Sensodyne tooth glue has been the quickest developing toothpaste brand during the most recent five years, 1 .4 bn dosages of antibodies have been provided to 179 nations and 24 % of the business turnover originates from developing markets barring USA, Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. Its plan of action has been â€Å"a offset synergistic business with various development drivers supporting a center pharmaceutical operation†. Antibodies for Malaria at the phase of stage III preliminaries are continuous in 7 African nations. It has been wanted to gracefully 300 m dosages of Synflorix, the immunization for pneumococcal sickness at a marked down cost during the following decade to the creating nations in continuation of the flexibly of the antibody to Kenya previously.

Promote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health

Question: Examine about the Promote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health. Answer: Shakira's circumstance and wellbeing can be comprehended in setting of two social determinants of wellbeing. She is socially distraught, lives without guardians, and experiences outrageous neediness and needs more to eat. Low quality and packed lodging is regularly the reason for rheumatic fever (He, et al., 2016). Living in remote territory makes access to treatment troublesome. Extraordinary neediness kept her family from furnishing her with day to day environments and sustenance that could improve her wellbeing. Penicillin oral or injectible, prophylaxis is educated for long haul treatment concerning rheumatic fever. Intense rheumatic fever whenever left untreated can cause rheumatic coronary illness. In Australia's Northern Territory, it has been accounted for that 92% of the RHD cases happen among the Indigenous individuals. 150-380 for every 100,000 instances of ARF have been accounted for (Parnaby Carapetis, 2010). The ATSI individuals think that its simpler to impart through a strategy for equal trade of thoughts. As an EN it is socially suitable to converse with patients in a proportional casual trade. The patients are then ready to feel progressively good while getting the treatment. Correspondingly, a wellbeing expert's proposals would be considered socially capable if the technique for offering guidance was non-meddling. For instance, it is sufficient to recommend diet for a diabetics. Referencing the difficulties that could emerge if the recommendations were not followed would be socially inept (Durey Thompson, 2012). The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander act, 2005 has been administered to encourage the advancement of independence among the Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islanders. The demonstration visualizes their improvement in the financial, social and social fields and guarantees conveyance of administrations by the State and neighborhood governments (C2012C00258, 2005). The probability of infection among the Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders inustralia is over multiple times more prominent than the standard populace. They likewise have essentially lower futures than the white populace. The wellbeing imbalance among them is because of different elements of colonization, bigotry and taken ages coercive expulsion of youngsters from their families. The effect of colonization was with the end goal that the indigenous individuals' territory was detracted from them, their way of life, language and social structure were influenced and caused them serious mental trouble. Their wellbeing was influenced and right up 'til the present time they modest away fromseeking treatment in the standard social insurance framework. Arrangement of socially safe consideration is conceivable if the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people group is engaged with taking choices from the phase of approach encircling. So socially fitting consideration can be conveyed to a populace that has sufferedfrom wellbeing imbalances for quite a while. The plan, administration conveyance and association in approach execution by network individuals can guarantee that all prerequisites of the individuals are met. Wellbeing results are relied upon to be acceptable when individuals from the network become a piece of administration arrangement since they comprehend the language and culture of their own kin. Issues of bigotry and separation are tended to and social qualities stay flawless while conveying medicinal services (/wellbeing plan.pdf, 2013). Viable correspondence while talking with Shakira and her family would be conceivable when attempting to comprehend the troubles looked by her more distant family. The fundamental prerequisite of her treatment is normal anti-toxin infusions like clockwork. Shakira's family will be acquainted with an ATSI specialist organization who can adequately impart the significance of the infusions. The importnce of the echocardiography tests can be imparted along these lines. Another critical necessity is that Shakira go to class so her day starts with nutritious feast that her family can't give. Rehashed updates by the ATSI specialist co-op will be given to guarantee her clinical needs are met. Setting aside some effort to comprehend her family during the correspondence will improve correspondence (/speaking with-indigenous-individuals 124). The presentation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander banners, craftsmanship, social images and socially adjusted substance makes a domain that is additionally welcoming for them. At the point when they get to social insurance in such a domain they feel, that their way of life is being regarded and they feel urged to visit such focuses. The historical backdrop of colonization, prejudice and the persuasive expulsion of kids from their families has imparted a dread and form towards the non-indegenous individuals of Australia. They are dreaded and the kept misconception of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander individuals' perspective and their associations with family, land and their way of life is looked downward on. The mentality of racial oppression when dealingwith the instructively and formatively denied Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander individuals is apparent in the manner they are dealt with even today. Their powerlessness to get to human services because of social determinants of wellbeing has put them at a more prominent hindrance. Before they get to a wellbeing administration, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander individuals may fear whether they will be comprehended they may likewise fear segregation because of prejudice. A socially hazardous practice could misjudge their language treat them as being from a sub-par race and society. References /speaking with-indigenous-individuals 124. (n.d.). Recovered from https://www.clinedaus.org.au: https://www.clinedaus.org.au/themes see/speaking with-indigenous-individuals 124 /wellbeing plan.pdf. (2013, July). Recovered from https://www.health.gov.au: https://www.health.gov.au/web/fundamental/publishing.nsf/content/B92E980680486C3BCA257BF0001BAF01/$File/wellbeing plan.pdf C2012C00258. (2005). Recovered from https://www.legislation.gov.au: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2012C00258 Durey, A., Thompson, S. (2012). Lessening the wellbeing incongruities of Indigenous Australians: time to change center. BMC Health Services Research, 12:151. He, V., Condon, J., Ralph, A., Zhao, Y., Roberts, K., de Dassel, J., . . . Carapetis, J. (2016). Long haul Outcomes From Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease. Course, 134(3): 222232. Parnaby, M., Carapetis, J. (2010). Rheumatic fever in indigenous Australian youngsters. Diary of Pediatrics and Child Health, 46(9):527-33.

Parametric Cooking

Parametric Cooking In the world of design, theres this idea of parametric design:  designing based on a set of parameters and functions, rather than by just modeling. Now, I know that sounds confusing, but think of a cube. What is the best way to model a cube in 3D? Certainly, theres a very easy way to make a cube, as most 3D modeling softwares have buttons thatll do just that. In Rhino, the software Im most familiar with, you can use the Box command, where youll click and drag to make a planar rectangle,01 hold shift while you do it to make a square and then drag to make it have a height, and thus, the cube is born. You can also input specific lengths, or make a cube with slightly different inputs, but the idea is the same. Now, lets say you have 50 of these cubes in a model, and you just decided after copying them that you actually want rectangles. Now what? At this point, your most likely option is to go back and delete every cube you made, and then make 50 more rectangles.02 you could also get creative with scaling i guess, but that would change their position and thats not the point! Kind of a hassle, huh? voila, a cube Now, heres where parametric design comes in. Lets go back to the drawing board here, and lets forego the simple drawing of the cube. Many of the most common 3D modeling softwares already have some aspect of parametric designing built in, like Revit and 3DS Max. Others, like Rhino and SketchUp, have associated plugins thatll do it. To continue with the Rhino example, Grasshopper is the specific plugin thats used to do parametric designs. But, where to start? First, you need inputs for length, width, and height. Make a rectangle using your width and length segments, on the XY plane, and then use a Box component to extrude that rectangle to a desired height, which can be adjusted with a slider. Lastly, array this cube in a 2525 array, and youre done. As you can see, now we can just tweak any of the small parameters: size, quantity, and arrangement, without having to restart the entire process. behold, my army of easily editable cubes The same idea can be applied to cooking, if you just take the time to make your model right. I find recipes too limiting most of the time; theyre a good starting point for learning the basics of cooking,03 how long to cook a steak, what spices work well for different styles of cuisine, how to utilize different techniques but its very easy to get caught up in the exactness of it. Especially in young adulthood, when, lets be honest, you dont always have every ingredient they list in their recipe. Or even half of them. Trust me, Ive been there. But luckily for you, Ive spent years mastering the art of clearing out old ingredients, and Ive already got a few scripts and formulas you can use. Base Knowledge For you to be able to execute any of the formulas going forward, I have to establish some base prior knowledge.  With cooking, there are a few things that are pretty consistent across the board. So, before we start, first lets establish some constants in all of these recipes, not to be confused with chemical formulas: heat, H pan fry, H1 bake, H2 simmer, H3 water, W egg, E sauce base, B yogurt, B1 mayo, B2 I also have to introduce a bit of a Spice Theorem Ive been following, with a little help from, in my opinion, the most useful piece of cooking media out there. For spicing food, it can be hard to know whats good and what works. If you try your hand at a lot of different styles of cuisine and experiment, you can get the hang of intuitively knowing this. To save you the effort of years of cooking, I have a handy little guide worked out. This is just a simplification of spices, flavorings, and pastes I find work well together, so you dont need to have every single component. Spice Blends, S oregano, thyme, fennel, basil, chili flakes, lemon juice tomato paste cumin, chili powder, coriander, turmeric, mustard seed, cinnamon, lime juice tomato paste, curry paste cumin, paprika, garlic, adobo, cilantro, lime juice tomato paste mint, thyme, oregano, parsley, dill, lemon juice tomato paste, harissa chili flakes, white pepper, ginger, honey, soy sauce, rice vinegar miso, gochujang ginger, basil, cilantro, fish sauce, chili powder, coconut, lime juice chili paste, thai curry paste *salt and pepper are by default, included in every blend **italicized ingredients are the associated acids The flexible part of these formulas is you can put as much of anything as you want. Just like the components in a script, you can add less of X and more of Y, and maybe double the whole F(X, Y) entirely. Although some parts of it will be more specific,04 dont add multiple tablespoons of salt! dont add four cups of water per cup of rice! Dont be afraid to just taste your food/sauces/components during each step if possible, because theres no better way to avoid over or under-doing anything than by just doing things gradually. Tips Before You Go In salt and taste as you go! there is nothing worse and more irreversible than oversalting what could have been a delicious meal. there are few occasions in which youll overseason a meal otherwise. id start with about 1 teaspoon per spice added, and if you find its not enough, keep adding as you go. ive seen too many people think theyre putting too much seasoning, and then it turns out they didnt put nearly enough! always add a bit of acid to balance your meal. no matter what. careful with pastes. miso can be extremely salty, harissa is very spicy, tomato paste is acidic, so take that into account when selecting other ingredients. Formulas VARIABLES vegetables, V hearty vegetable, V1: sweet potato, regular potato, turnip, winter squash, corn on the cob, beets light vegetable, V2: carrots, broccoli, brussels sprouts, radishes, peppers, tomatoes leafy green, V3: kale, spinach, chard, cabbage aromatics, V4: garlic, onion, leeks, celery protein, P legumes, P1: chickpeas, black beans, lentils, white beans meats, P2: chicken, beef, pork, fish egg, P3: egg grains, G white rice, brown rice, farro, quinoa, bulgur, freekeh seasoning, S seasonings, S1: selected from a blend above bouillon, S2: chicken, vegetable, beef pastes, S3: tomato paste, curry paste, miso, gochujang, harissa paste sauce, C Roasted Vegetables and Grains FUNCTIONs For this one, you take any amount of vegetables from V1 (hearty vegetables), V2 (light vegetables), and V4 (aromatics) to roast, coated in oil and spices, then cook a grain of choice in stock, and pair it with a yogurt based sauce, which is spiced based on the seasonings chosen before. Add an egg on top for protein, and youre done. F(V, G, S) = H2(S1(V1 + V2 + V4)) + H3(S2(2W + G)) + C(S1)  + P3 C(S1) = B1 + S** Instructions Preheat the oven to 400 degrees. Chop up your vegetables in evenly sized cubes, from 1 inch to 1/2 inch in size. Garlic can be roasted in whole cloves. Coat your vegetables with olive oil and the seasonings in a bowl, then transfer to a large sheet pan. When the oven is done preheating, place the vegetables in, moving them every 15 minutes to prevent burning. Take your grain, the appropriate amount of water (most grains use a 2:1 water to grain ratio), and your bouillon of choice, and place it in a pot on high heat. I use 1 bouillon cube per cup of water, but you can use more or less depending on your taste. Once the pot has reached a boil, cover the pot and reduce the heat to low, let simmer for however long it says on the bag (this can range from 10 minutes to 1 hour, depending on the grain). After about 30 minutes, check on the vegetables. Are they beautifully browned and crisp? Eat one, see if its cooked. Good? Take it out. Not quite? Try another 10 minutes. Once the vegetables are cooked to your standards, take them out of the oven to cool for 10 minutes. While they cool, make your sauce. Noted in the formula above, sauce is a function of the seasonings you chose, so this is going to depend on how youve flavored your vegetables. All it takes is some yogurt, the associated acid for whatever spices you chose, salt, pepper, and garlic. You can also add any fresh herbs or spices from the list chosen, but the simple base one is a solid choice, in my opinion. Optional: add a fried or poached egg on top. And like that, recipe 1 is done! Plate it up in a nice bowl, and marvel at your very adult portion of vegetables. added tofu for protein and quick pickled carrots and radish for taste yogurt sauce! vegetables! delicious! An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next Soups and Stews Functions This recipe is a throw-it-all in the pot that just involves sautéing your aromatics, V4, and then dumping everything else in a pot and letting it simmer for at least 45 minutes. For protein, you can use any or multiple as you please. Any and all vegetables are also welcome. F(V, P, S) = H3(H1(V4) + V1 + V2 + V3 + P + 3W + S1 + S2 + S3 + S**) Instructions Dice up your aromatics, and sauté in a large pot on medium heat until soft, about 5 minutes. Chop up the remaining vegetables into bite sized pieces. If using a meat, P2, toss that in the pot to brown. If not, skip this step. When the meat is done browning, add the heartier vegetables, V1 and V2, to the pot, along with enough water to cover everything (or more, depending on how you like your soups). This should be approximately 3 cups per cup of ingredients. Raise heat to high. Add bouillon cubes, approximately 1 per cup of water, seasoning mix, and a spoonful paste of choice, if using one. Always add more seasoning than you think, soups have a lot of volume to cover. Once the soup has started boiling, cover it with a lid and reduce to low heat to let simmer for at least 40 minutes, stirring occasionally to prevent sticking. After 40 minutes, check on the soup. If all the vegetables are cooked, add your leafy greens, V3, and then the associated acid for your spice mix, if you havent already added it. Stir, and let simmer for 5 more minutes. And like that, you have soup! Simple and delicious, warm and comforting, the perfect meal for New Englands colder months. an attempt at a sour and spicy shrimp soup Veggie Burgers Functions This burger is a bit of a tricky one, but can be so rewarding when you realize all those veggie burgers youve eaten are not worth the hefty price tag. Ill give an exception to the Impossible and Beyond Meats, but otherwise, theres no need to pay a premium for a patty made of beans. So, the idea is simple: you take some legumes, breadcrumbs, an egg, seasoning, and mash it all together and form patties. Then cook and voila. F(P, V, S, G) = H1(P1 + P3 + S1 + S2 + V4 + G) + C(S1) C(S1) = B2 + S1 + S** Instructions Take a can of your chosen legume, P1, and microwave for 3 minutes in a large bowl, until softened. Mash it together with a fork. Finely dice up your aromatics and add them to the bowl. Add your seasonings and a teaspoon of desired paste, along with either half cup of cooked grain, or half cup of breadcrumbs. Taste the mix (everything is cooked, dont worry), and adjust to your taste. When you like it, add one raw egg. If you have time, chill this mixture for half hour. If not, just go straight to forming mix into patties by hand, and put them aside. Heat up oil in a non-stick pan on medium heat. Place patties in pan, cooking until it is browned on both sides and can keep its shape somewhat. Make your sauce, which is a mixture of mayo, seasonings similar to your above list (any fresh herb from the list works wonders) and its associated acid, salt, pepper, and a bit of honey for sweetness. Toast some buns and serve. Now you can, too, wow your friends with homemade veggie burgers and aioli, and never again will you crave a frozen one. Dont fret if its a little crumbly, thats just how it is sometimes. chickpea and basmati rice based burgers! woo it holds its shape well enough for a photo can't forget the aioli An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next And thats it, theres the parametric cooking. Take a few parts V1, some of P2, some S, and you have a thousand of different meals. I mean, I also dont only stick to these three configurations, but these are definitely heavy in the rotation. You can never get bored with these because you just have to change up the spices, or the vegetables, or any part of it! Im also a big fan because of how many vegetables I can jam into one meal, which is good for health, but also reducing food waste when I have a ton of veggies starting to go bad in my fridge. Maybe you can recreate some, if the math isnt too confusing. Either way, Im always down to chat about cooking at MIT, using odd vegetables, and making vegetarian copycat recipes.05 ask me about my vegan ziti recipe that 9/10 of guests preferred over a regular, meaty ziti hold shift while you do it to make a square back to text ? you could also get creative with scaling i guess, but that would change their position and that's not the point! back to text ? how long to cook a steak, what spices work well for different styles of cuisine, how to utilize different techniques back to text ? don't add multiple tablespoons of salt! don't add four cups of water per cup of rice! back to text ? ask me about my vegan ziti recipe that 9/10 of guests preferred over a regular, meaty ziti back to text ?

The History Behind Cobell Vs. Salazar

Surviving multiple presidential administrations since its inception in 1996, the Cobell case has been known variously as Cobell v. Babbit, Cobell v. Norton, Cobell v. Kempthorne and its current name, Cobell v. Salazar (all defendants being Secretaries of the Interior under which the Bureau of Indian affairs is organized). With upwards of 500,000 plaintiffs, it has been called the largest class-action lawsuit against the United States in U.S. history. The suit is the result of over 100 years of abusive federal Indian policy and gross negligence in the management of Indian trust lands. Overview Eloise Cobell, a Blackfoot Indian from Montana and banker by profession, filed the lawsuit on behalf of hundreds of thousands of individual Indians in 1996 after finding many discrepancies in the management of funds for lands held in trust by the United States in her job as treasurer for the Blackfoot tribe. According to U.S. law, Indian lands are technically not owned by tribes or individual Indians themselves but are held in trust by the U.S. government. Under U.S. management, Indian trust lands Indian reservations are often leased to non-Indian individuals or companies for resource extraction or other uses. The revenue generated from the leases is to be paid to the tribes and individual Indian land owners. The United States has a fiduciary responsibility to manage the lands to the best benefit of tribes and individual Indians, but as the lawsuit revealed, for over 100 years the government failed in its duties to accurately account for the income generated by the leases, let alone pay the revenues to the Indians. History of Indian Land Policy and Law The foundation of federal Indian law begins with the principles based on the doctrine of discovery, originally defined in Johnson v. MacIntosh (1823) which maintains that Indians only have a right to occupancy and not the title to their own lands. This led to the legal principle of the trust doctrine to which the United States is held on behalf of Native American tribes. In its mission to civilize and assimilate Indians into mainstream American culture, the Dawes Act of 1887 broke up the communal landholdings of tribes into individual allotments which were held in trust for a period of 25 years. After the 25-year period, a patent in fee simple would be issued, enabling an individual to sell their land if they chose to and ultimately breaking up the reservations. The goal of the assimilation policy would have resulted in all Indian trust lands in private ownership, but a new generation of lawmakers in the early 20th century reversed the assimilation policy based on the landmark Merria m Report which detailed the deleterious effects of the previous policy. Fractionation Throughout the decades as the original allottees died the allotments passed to their heirs in subsequent generations. The result has been that an allotment of 40, 60, 80, or 160 acres, which was originally owned by one person is now owned by hundreds or sometimes even thousands of people. These fractionated allotments are usually vacant parcels of land that are still managed under resource leases by the U.S. and have been rendered useless for any other purposes because they can only be developed with the approval 51% of all other owners, an unlikely scenario. Each of those people is assigned Individual Indian Money (IIM) accounts which are credited with any revenue generated by the leases (or would have been had there been appropriate accounting and crediting maintained). With hundreds of thousands of IIM accounts now in existence, accounting has become a bureaucratic nightmare and highly costly. The Settlement The Cobell case hinged in large part on whether or not an accurate accounting of the IIM accounts could be determined. After over 15 years of litigation, the defendant and the plaintiffs both agreed that an accurate accounting was not possible and in 2010 a settlement was finally reached for a total of $3.4 billion. The settlement, known as the Claims Settlement Act of 2010, was divided into three sections: $1.5 billion was created for an Accounting/Trust Administration fund (to be distributed to IIM account holders), $60 million is set aside for Indian access to higher education, and the remaining $1.9 billion sets up the Trust Land Consolidation Fund, which provides funds for tribal governments to purchase individual fractionated interests, consolidating the allotments into once again communally held land. However, the settlement has yet to be paid due to legal challenges by four Indian plaintiffs.

Bullying Is The Intentional Harm Doing Or Harrasement

What is bullying? It is the intentional harm-doing or harrasement directed to vulnerable people and is repeated quite often. Bullying can be done in multiple ways. Some examples are: physical violence, verbal talk and/or threats and rumors being spread either verbally or online. Bullying can happen to anyone, but mostly involves kids. There are ways to try and stop it and everyone should help in getting that rate down. (Bullying.-Britannica†) This isn’t something that is to be taken lightly but many people do, and it stays an issue in many places, especially at schools. A U.S. national study done at the beginning of the 21st century stated 30 percent of kids, middle to high school, experienced bullying during their school years. Research shows that it tends to start during early teen years and decreases in their later teen years, and it is showed to be done mostly by boys. It can start from reactions to struggles and from power within a group. (Bullying-Britannica) It c an also be done by kids who feel like having the power or from those who come from homes where the adults fight or hurt each other. When girl’s bully, they tend to do it in emotional ways, such as excluding a certain girl or gossiping about her (Bullying- Topic overview). Bullying doesn’t just apply to high school kids, but adults are also experiencing it at work and by definition it is worse at work than in school. In the workplace, bullying often involves a person in power, such as a manager or

Tweleve Years a Slave Free Essays

While reading this novel, I often thought about what I learned about slavery in school and the many films I’ve seen on the subject, most notably, the television series Roots , which is probably most of our first visual representation of a slaves’ life – but I thought, â€Å"Noooo, they got it wrong! Slavery was 50 times worst than any representation I’ve ever seen on a film. Solomon Northup, was a free born, African America man living in New York state in the early 1800s. He had a wife, three children, and was able to provide for his family working various jobs, depending on the season. We will write a custom essay sample on Tweleve Years a Slave or any similar topic only for you Order Now Solomon is kidnapped and forced into slavery for 12 years, in the deep south. What makes this novel so compelling is his story telling. He goes into great detail explaining what is feels like to be a slave; the constant state of fear (scared of waking up late, scared of not working fast enough, scared of being in the wrong place at the wrong time if your master is in an angry mood), the whippings (which happened more often than I originally thought), the brutal labor, the little food (yet being forced to work at 100% at all times with little nourishment), and the depressing feeling of being separated from your family (being sold to another master was the worst nightmare of most slaves, more fearful than the whip). His prose paints a clear picture of what it feels like to be a slave. I highly recommend this non-fiction novel (did I mention, this is a TRUE story) to any and everyone interested in American or African American history. This novel is currently being made into a film by director Steve McQueen, starring Chiwetel Ejiofor, Brad Pitt, Benedict Cumberbatch, Michael Fassbender. I have to admit, I am very eager to see this film (it’s slated for release Sept. 6, 2013) because I’m curious to see if they will be true to the original work, and go hard and showcase slavery in its most brutal form, even if it will make audiences uncomfortable, because as time goes on, I think we forget how truly horrible an institution slavery was. How to cite Tweleve Years a Slave, Papers

Proposal for Kindergarten Courseware free essay sample

Introduction The early stages is the lives of children where the brain development growth rapidly. Although the brain develop continuously but the first three years are the most critical moment. This is because when the brain is more flexible and ready to learn something new. The weight of baby brain is almost 25% of the adult brain weight and when reaching the age of 3 years old, infant brain has evolved into a multi-million cell (which consists of neurons and brain cells, etc. ). The cells are then fused to form a multi-million compact (synapses). Next the Link between these cells will form a complex control center for the development of mental, emotional, physical and spiritual. Because the development of babies brain growth actively and they are always in a good care with parents during the early stage, hence it is not possible for the parent to have a strong influence in their growth. This Pre-School Interactive Learning with Entertainment courseware provides colorful and lots of interesting picture and sound to attract this children interest to learn, they also can easily do the exercises provided because it is an interactive courseware which is simple to use. . 2 Problem Definitions * Fear Children are afraid to deal with strangers and they are also scared to be away from their parents, hence, this is a problem for parents because the child does not want to go to kindergarten and learn. * Hyperactive ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is a common behavioral disorder that affects an estimated 8% to 10% of school-age children. Boys are about three times more likely than girl to be diagnosed with it. The main reason though it is never be define yet. Kids with the ADHD problem usually act without thinking, are hyperactive, and have trouble in focusing. They may understand what expected of them but have trouble following through because they can’t sit still, pay attention or attend to details. * Time Most of the children’s learn to know their first alphabets and numbers during their pre-school session, this is because, lack of attention from their parent. Parent nowadays are too busy with working and could not spend their time to teach their kids in learning ABC and 123 before entering pre-school. 1. Problem Objectives * Build Self Confidence This courseware will build children self confidence to overcome their fear to go to the kindergarten. With interactive learning system in this Pre-School Interactive Learning with Entertainment courseware, kids will be excited to learn in kindergarten later without parent besides them. * Pronunciation Using this Pre-School Interactive Learning with Entertainment, children will b e train to pronounce and spell the correct accent. Hence, parent can overcome their children lisp problem easil * Make Learning Fun Making use of technology such as digital photography, video and audio recording is a way of providing a practical learning experience. Using rhymes, sings and music encourage creativity, game and answer questions, this Pre-School Interactive Learning with Entertainment courseware will be a modern method to attract the interest of these young children and getting them onto the path of learning of a young age will help to develop good habits throughout their learning. * Time Save All children need a good guide in experience life and learning new things in their life. Parent are usually a good influence and guide in experience life by using this Pre-School Interactive Learning with Entertainment courseware, parent can save time in finding an interactive subject or object to teach their child. 1. 4Project Scope * Children Initially, the infant brain is able to save a sound that has been heard. As an analogy, imagine we remove a document to â€Å"trash† on a computer, we still can find the document as long as it is not removed directly from the computer. This also explains why children learn language more easily rather than the mother tongue. Kindergartens Teacher The brain development will be stopped if the stimulation is not provided on an ongoing basis. Children who grow up without a proper stimulation of the brain are generally smaller compared with children who received stimulation and exposed to various experiences. Therefore, teacher need to have additional tools in teaching in order to attract the young children attention in learning to expose them in experiences. 1. 5Project Development Methodology Most multimedia project must be developed in several stages. Some of it needs to be completed before a new stage is started and some of it can be combined or just skipped. In order to develop a successful project with achieving its goal, there are four basic stages in multimedia project is needed. These stages are: * Planning and Costing Each objective and message of the work will be identified to gain more information about the system. Before the system is start to be develop, all the multimedia expertise requirement such as graphic arts, audio, video and writing skills will be draft out. In developing this system, we need to estimate the time and budget that is going to be used in completing the five elements of multimedia which is text, sound, image, audio and video. * Designing and Producing In this next stage, we will implement all the planning that has draft e out earlier to design a complete courseware. This is when we received many feedbacks from user until it achieves the customer satisfaction. We use a part of our knowledge and creativity in designing arts, video, and music in this courseware. This project is design using Adobe Flash, Photoshop CS5 and Apple Quick Time Player software. We also use Acer Aspire 4736Z with Windows 7, Intel Pentium Processor T4200, and 3GB DDR3 memory with 160GB HDD hardware * Delivering Delivering is a product development stage when the testing level is complete. Before the final product is delivered to the end user, we need to ensure that all the software requirements is provided in running the courseware. Then only this courseware can be delivered to end user. 1. 6 Summary We might be wondering, what is the influence of genetics on development and intelligence of children? Genes or genetic factors do play a role in determining intelligence and the intelligence of a child, however, surrounding where a person grew up surely are a factors to determine how much talent and ingenuity that is inherent to grow and expand. In other words, both factor is related and helping each other. With the simple and attractive courseware for pre-school learning, learning skills will turn to be more interesting, interactive and easy. Hence, it also helps parent and teacher to provide the young children with basic ABC and 123.

McDonalds Strategic Management Process

Research Essay Outline a Strong Argument for Success

Research Essay Outline a Strong Argument for Success You may not be required to write an outline as a part of your argumentative essay, but you still should do it. Even if it seems to you a waste of time, don’t skip outline before writing an argumentative essay. Why does it matter? Students used to think of an outline as of mandatory part of the paper. However, it’s more than a sketch of your work. But rather writing technique that will help you arrange ideas and logically distribute them in an argumentative essay.   Here are some outlines basics that will help you understand how the one should be written. Or in case you order argumentative essays you can ask a writer for hire to follow these outline writing guidelines. Best Tips on How to Write an Argument Essay Outline If you want to write your best essay paper, no matter what type it would be, you should know how to deal with some typical essay outline. Here you have few important steps you must follow while creating your argumentative essay outline. Start writing outline even when conducting arguments research The easiest way to write an effective outline that will serve you a reliable guide through the whole argumentative essay writing process is to start composing it when doing research. Sort out all the findings you obtain by their importance and topic relevance. Write them briefly down as long as you proceed with research. Stick multi-level structure Normally, an outline looks like an extended plan, arranged in sections. Each section stands for the name of the chapter. All-in-all there are as many sections as there are chapters in an argumentative essay. However, you can make your outline even more detailed by expanding sections with subsections. This way you can arrange your ideas or research results more precisely. Steps to Prepare Your Outline Step 1 The main and very first thing is that you should choose a topic to write your essay outline. This will be your main focus. You should focus and kept your thoughts gathered. There is a chance to use some broad topic. You can be not trying to fit it into your specific thesis statement. Just don’t try to narrow it down. Don’t talk about France during World War II, for example. Instead, you should look at WWII in general. Besides that, you can also create an argument paper outline for some bigger piece. It can be a novel or a story. But, still, you need always to focus on your topic.   Step 2 There is a task to determine the main goal and purpose of your argument paper. It will give you the right topic direction and will help you to get some logical structure in your argument paper. You should write down your thesis statement if you are writing some kind of a formal essay. It will help you to fulfill the statement and purpose. Besides that, you can compare two different things. You should analyze two chunks of information using connections and critical thinking. It is not only summarizing the process, you should also do some research. Also, you can get a smooth cause and effect presentation. Your task is to show that something happened and identify its causes. Try to analyze every concept and terms you are giving in your argument paper. There must be at least one part of an argument, but, for the better effect, you should also provide some counter-argument. Don’t forget to get some evidence and examples to do your conclusion. It is a must for you to provide backups for your conclusions, statements, and facts. The article type does not matter. Step 3 At this point, you should start to gather all materials you may use for supporting your argument. What might it be? Your best-supporting subjects are different information, like images, quotes, theories, statistics, points and your personal experience. All these things should reflect your opinion and be related to what you are writing in your essay.  Ã‚   You need to identify and then disable all spaces (real and potential) in your outline to prevent any troubles with your paper writing in the future. You may write not only an argumentative essay but even a novel. So for this type of work you should have information about the period you are writing about, about fashion, food, and habits of this period. You must always note the information about data that you have found to use in your outline. Note down everything you may need to find this information again. Step 4 You also should make a decision about your paper outline type. For this purpose, you can use some short phrases to make your outline more general and flexible. Don’t forget to use full sentences and complete details.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Or you can start it with some flexible structure features as a topic essay outline. Then consider converting it into a sentence outline. The main difference between these two is that you can use complete sentences from the second variant later in your article. Step 5 You must deal with ordering your supporting information. The main purpose of it is to support your main goal. You need to be sure that your order of the information is the most effective one and does its job perfectly. Consider starting with your best and strongest points. You should be sure that all the evidence are related and well-organized flowing one into another.  Ã‚  Ã‚   This may be the chronological order, especially when it is some historically themed paper. You also may order your evidence by theme for some literature interpretation, for example. If you want to show both sides of the story before taking your way, you must present evidence from your side for the better effect. We hope this info will help you to create a strong and reliable outline for your argumentative essay. In case you need help, you are always welcomed on our website. 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Strategic planning challenges in community health sectors, and ways to Research Paper

Strategic planning challenges in community health sectors, and ways to use strategic planning to address these challenges - Research Paper Example The budget is to be followed strictly to ensure financial discipline and ultimate success (Vinten, 2005). In strategic planning, the employment of strategy and the allocation of resources appropriately will lead to eventual success. In fact, budgeting can be a part of the allocation of resources in strategic planning. Community health sector is on such are that requires a well-designed strategic plan. A community health sector is an inextricably linked web of individuals and institutions that provide health services to the community. The members of this sector include service providers, non-governmental agencies, the health workers hospitals and the government. Since all these stakeholders operate within the community, members of that community cannot be left out. The concept of community health sector, therefore, can be understood as a replica of the national or statewide health sector but implemented with the context if a community. It involves all the stakeholders like in the national government but at a smaller scale (Stahl, 2004).). The complex interplay between the non-governmental organization, the pharmaceutical companies, drug suppliers hospitals and the community is the central focus of the community health sector. This paper discuses the development of the strategic plan for the community health sector through the commonly known strategy tools. It reviews the benefits of strategic planning within the context of health care and in other settings and draws a conclusion on the best way forward in managing health care within the community. The concept of strategic planning can trace its way to many contributors in the recent past. For instance, Michael Porter introduced the concept of five forces analysis in strategic business planning. In this view, there are five forces affecting any organization and can deter it from providing quality service to its clients. The same author also

Cultural Shock Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cultural Shock - Research Paper Example Social norms and communication characteristics are the basic element of the expectancy violation theory. Expectancy Violation Theory sees communication as the medium through which people exchange information with one another. Communication can also be used to violate the expectations of another person as either negative or positive depending upon the link between the two people. However, experts also explain this theory as in communicating with others; people generally have an expectation of the way the other person will react verbally or non-verbally. The Expectancy Violation Theory assesses the way in which we react to someone’s non-verbal behavior (Kunda and Thagard, 1996). Cultural shock is when people or a person enters into a new culture when they migrate to a new place or experience new people around them. The difficulty they have in adjusting in that culture and amongst the people is known as cultural shock. Expectancy Violation Theory closely related to cultural shock as the people who are new to the society will face difficulties in keeping expectations from the people as to what their reaction will be. As the behaviors are new, there will be vague predictions about the expectations of the people on the communications made whether verbal or non-verbal (Burgoon, 1993). When having a communication with someone’s, the reaction of the person can either be positive or negative, which means that either the person will smile or will show a rude reaction (Marques, 1990). The theory examines that the people carry expectations when they interact with others and these expectations are from the culture or the individuals in that culture. They make predictions about the non-verbal communications, and there are times when their expectations violate (Jussim et al, 1987). Personal space refers to a space that has to be maintained while interacting

Islamic Law In Saudi Arabia Sociology Essay

Islamic Law In Saudi Arabia Sociology Essay Islamic law, or Sharia (termed Syariah in Malaysia), refers to the sacred holy laws of the Islamic religion. Sharia mingles with multiple fields addressed by secular law, which may include economics, crime, and politics, as well as personal matters such as  hygiene and sexuality. Sharia mainly derives from two sources, of which the 1st one would be the heavenly revelations in the Quran, and the 2nd being examples and sayings laid down by Prophet Muhammad within the Sunnah. In addition to the above mentioned sources, secondary sources are also adopted. One example of these secondary sources is the ijma of various prominent ulamas in the Islamic world. In regards of the topic at hand, I shall explain how Islamic law is practiced in Saudi Arabia. Before I go into explaning how Sharia is practiced in Saudi Arabia, I would like to point out that this essay will only touch on the developments and the ways in which Sharia is implemented in the Third State of Arabia, also known as the current Saudi Arabia. Sharia was officially enforced in Saudi Arabia by the Basic Law in 1992. The Basic Law of Saudi Arabia is a charter written in Arabic which bears marking resemblance to a constitution. It is divided into nine chapters, and consists of 83 articles. It is based on the Salafi school of understanding of Sharia and it does not bypass the fiqh. In Chapter 1: Article 1 of the said charter, it is expressly written that, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a sovereign Arab Islamic state with Islam as its religion; Allahs Book and the Sunnah of His Prophet, Allahs prayers and peace be upon him, are its constitution, Arabic is its language and Riyadh is its capital. In Saudi Arabia, criminal cases are tried under Sharia courts. These courts exercise authority over the entire population. In other words, people who are not of Islamic faith are still subjected to the criminal laws of Saudi Arabia. Cases which involve small penalties are adjudicated in Sharia Summary Courts, whilst more serious crimes are tried in Sharia Courts of Common Pleas. In events where either party finds the decision made was unsatisfactory, the said party can also appeal through the Court of Appeal. For civil cases, it could also be tried in Sharia Courts, but with one exception: Muslim of the Shia denomination may try such cases in their own courts. Other civil proceedings, such as those involving claims against the Saudi Arabia government, and claims on the enforcement of foreign judgements, are held before a special panel in certain specialized administrative tribunals, such as the Board of Grieviences, and Commission for The Settlement of Labor Disputes. In strict adherance to the Saudis sources of law, the system prescribes  corporal penalty or capital penalty, which in the Sharia sense may include  amputations  of limbs for certain crimes such as  homicide,  rape, robbery, drugs trafficking, adultery, and  homosexual/bisexual activities. It is to note that petty theft is also punishable by the means of amputation of the hand, although, it is rare for first-time offenders. For less serious crimes, such as drunkenness, the courts may impose less severe punishments, such as  floggings. Under Saudi law, when someone commits murder, accidental death, and/or bodily harm, the said person is open or subject to punishment from the victims family. Retribution may also be, and are usually, sought through the method of  blood money. It is to note that the blood money being payable for causing a womans accidental death, or, that of a Christian male,  is only half as much as that for a Muslim male. All the others (men or women of different faiths and believes other than Islam) are valued at 1/16th. The main reasoning for this, according to the Sharia, men are expected by right to be providers for their families and thus are expected and assumed to earn more fiscally in their lifetimes. The blood money by a man would be expected to be enough to sustain his family, for at least a short period of time. Honor killings are also not punished as severely as murder. This generally stems from the fact that honor killings are within a family, and done to compensate for some dishonorable act committed.   Saudi Arabia is also the one and only country in the world where women are prohibited to drive on public roads. Women can only drive in off-road conditions and in private housing compounds, some of which extend to many square miles. The ban may be lifted soon, although with certain conditions. The Saudi government regard its construction of Islamic law as its sole source of guidance on human rights, and Sharia has failed to evolve and develop to ensure the rights of women are protected. In addition to prohibition on driving on public roads, women are not allowed to travel around without the permission, written or verbal, of their closest male kin. This resulted in women being restricted from travel by their sons and/or younger brothers. Divorcees are required by law to return to the home of their father, and any form of travel must then be approved the father. In other words, under Saudis law, women of 30 or more years old cannot make independent decisions without the approval of male relatives. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.MORE TO COME. QUICK OVERVIEW OF THE PRACTICE OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN SAUDI ARABIA Human rights  in  Saudi Arabia  are based on  sharia  laws  under the rule of the  Saudi royal family.  The Saudi Arabian government has also been known and criticized for its lack of regard for the religious political minorities,  homosexuality, and  women. The Human rights of Saudi Arabia are specified in article 26 of the  Basic Law of Saudi Arabia, the constitution of Saudi Arabia, as mentioned earlier. Then, in October 1997, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ratified the  International Convention against Torture according to the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. The first independent human rights organization in Saudi Arabia, the  National Society for Human Rights, was established in 2004.  In 2008, the  Shura Council  ratified the  Arab Charter on Human Rights. It is to note that Saudi Arabia, is one of around thirty countries in the world with that still practices  judicial corporal punishment. For Saudia Arabias judicial corporal punishments may include  amputations  of either limbs  for robbery, and  flogging  for smaller crimes such as drunkenness. The exact number of lashes is vaguely prescribed by the law; it is varied in accordance to the judges discretion, and may range from dozens of lashes to several hundred, which is usually applied over a period of weeks or months. In 2004, the  United Nations  Committee against  Torture  criticized and deplored the Saudi Arabian law over the  amputations  and  floggings  it carries out under  Sharia. The Saudi delegates, responded, unfazed, in the defence of legal  traditions that has been held since the birth of Islam 1,400 years ago, and rejected interference of any kind in its legal framework. For serious law-offenders, Saudi Arabia also engage themselves in  capital punishment, which in Sharia include the likes of public executions by  beheading.  Beheading is the punishment for rapists, armed robberers, drug traffickers and of course, murderers, according to strict interpretation of  Islamic law. In 2005 there were 191 executions, in 2006 there were 38, in 2007 there were 153, and in 2008 there were 102. To illustrate how serious is human rights infringement in Saudi Arabia, I would like to draw a simple reference to a spokesman for Saudi Arabias National Society for Human Rights. He reasoned that numbers of executions are rising because crime rates are rising, that prisoners are treated humanely, and that the  beheadings  deter crime, saying, Allah, our creator, knows best whats good for his peopleShould we just think of and preserve the rights of the murderer and not think of the rights of others? WOMEN RIGHTS/GENDER ISSUES Religion affects all aspects of life in Saudi Arabia, and Saudi women face  discrimination  in many aspects of their lives. The Sunni Muslims in Saudi Arabia, which is about 90% of the population, are governed by strict conservative interpretations of Islam. Saudi Arabia is a patriarchal society in which women are treated and seen as 2nd class citizens only. And because of that, they continue to become victims of discrimination, everyday. They have lesser say than men in family matters; their freedom of movement is very limited; and their economic opportunities and rights are restricted. In addition, womens actions and choices depends on the permission or wishes of their mahram. Saudi Arabia also applies rules of strict gender segregation and unrelated men and women are separated in all public places. Women also, do not enjoy the freedom of dress, but are required to cover themselves completely from head-to-toe. The usual dress-code includes a jet black cloak-like garment (abaya) and a matching face veil (niqba). Women who deliberately choose to not cover or as they say, protect, themselves fully, which r ates is increasing in certain parts of the country, run the risk of being provoked and harassed. Although they make up 70% of those enrolled in universities, for social reasons, women make up just 5% of the workforce in Saudi Arabia, the lowest proportion in the world. These treatments of women has been referred by social scientists as Sex segregation  and gender apartheid. Even implementation of a government resolution supporting the expansion of employment opportunities for women, met strong resistance from within the labour ministry, from the religious police, and from the male citizenry. In most parts of Saudi Arabia, it is thought that a womans place in this world is in the home, tending for her spouse and family. Rooting from tradition, there is also segregation inside their own houses as some rooms have separate entrances for men and women. Before 2008, women were not allowed to enter hotels and furnished apartments without a chaperon or  mahram. With a 2008 Royal Decree, the one and only requirement needed nowadays to enable women to enter hotels are their national ID cards, but the hotel must let the nearest police station know of their length of stay and room reservation. The driving ban for women was unofficial until 1990 when it was introduced as official legislation after 47 Saudi women drove cars through the streets of the Saudi capital, Riyadh. Even though illegal, women in rural areas and other areas outside cities do drive cars. It may sound made-up, but according to credible studies, many Saudis believe that allowing women to drive could lead to Western-style openness and an erosion of traditional values. Womens rights calls for reform in Saudi Arabia calls that are testing the Kingdoms political status quo. International, as well as local womens groups are also forcing the government to react, taking advantage of the fact that some rulers are eager to project a more progressive image to the West. WOMEN/FAMILY LAW While the Saudi Arabian law is silent on the legal age of marriage, the practice of forced marriages was prohibited by the countrys religious authority in 2005. Nevertheless, to be fair to the case, the level to which said bride is involved in decision-making in regards of her own marriage varies between families. According to Saudis family law, the marriage contract is between the mahram of the bride and the husband-to-be. An estimated 16 percent of girls between 15 and 19 years of age are currently married, divorced or widowed in Saudi Arabia. Polygamy is allowed under Sharia and a Muslim male could take as many as 4 wives, given that he can give equal support and treatment. The practice is reportedly on the decline, but both for demographic and economic reasons. Women are discriminated against with regards to parental authority as, legally, children belong to their father. If divorced or widowed, a woman is normally granted custody of daughters until they reach the age of nine and sons until they reach the age of seven. Older children are often awarded to the divorced husband or the paternal grandparents. Women cannot confer citizenship to their children (if born to a non-Saudi Arabian father). Female genital mutilation is not a general practice, but reports suggest that there is some occurrence of the practice among Shia Muslims in the Eastern Province, and possibly among some Bedouin groups. Violence against women is common and there are no specific laws addressing the issue, nor any adequate protection for the victims. Incidents of domestic violence are rarely reported or even talked about publicly. For instance, the so-called honour crimes, whereby a woman is put to death or punished by male family members for having put disgrace to the family honour, are also prevalent. The suspicion alone of a womans wrong-doing is often enough for her to be subject to violence in the name of honour. Women, as well as men, may be subject to harassment by the countrys religious police, the mutawwain; torture (although outlawed); and physical punishments, often without having their case presented in court. Islamic law provides for detailed and complex calculations of inheritance shares. A woman may inherit from her father, her mother, her husband, her children, and under certain conditions, from other members of her family, but her share is generally smaller than a mans entitlement. A daughter, for example, inherits half as much as a son. This is commonly justified by the fact that a woman has no financial responsibility towards her husband and children. Women, particularly in rural areas, are often deprived even of their entitled share as they are considered to be supported by their fathers or husbands.

Healthcare It Security and Cloud Computing Essay

Abstract Through the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, the federal government is pushing healthcare providers and hospitals to quickly move towards electronic documentation systems or be penalized for non-compliance. This push has presented many problems for physicians and hospitals alike. Probably the most important issue that needs to be kept in mind when making a decision on a system is security and patient privacy. These two pieces present technological challenges as well as practical challenges including where and how the patient data is captured, stored, and accessed. HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996) is the dictating law that must be kept in mind when choosing a medical charting system and the devices needed to access the system. Patient data and privacy must remain confidential and protected above any other concerns regarding electronic systems. Cloud computing is a â€Å"hot-button† topic that is becoming popular in business and healthcare. The convenience of access data from anywhere and from multiple hardware platforms has many benefits, but this ease of access comes with security concerns. These concerns must be reviewed and policies put in place to ensure that confidential patient data is not exposed. Security Issues: Healthcare I.T. and Cloud Computing Introduction The digital age has brought about many changes in the way certain tasks are performed, the way communication takes place, the way education is performed, and the way that medicine is practiced. As government regulation regarding healthcare practice and reimbursement becomes more strict and requires documented evidence to back up medical decisions before Medicare or Medicaid will pay the providers, it is becoming increasingly important for medical personnel and hospitals to not only conform to the new technological standards, but to embrace the technology that is driving it. In the past, organizations were required to host, store, and back-up the data and applications that were used both inside and outside of the facilities. This presented many difficulties such as application maintenance, data storage and maintenance, and hardware maintenance. Cloud computing offers some solutions to these issues by allowing IT departments to rely less on physical hardware, perform backups and duplicate them easily to offsite facilities, and provide application support to platforms that previously were unsupported. However, this presents significant security risk and legal liabilities with regards to HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) laws. Purpose The purpose of this report is to discuss the options available for implementing and accessing Electronic Medical Record Systems and the issues inherent with the different options, focusing on the security and privacy concerns specific to cloud computing. Scope This report will identify the reasons and methods for implementing cloud computing within the healthcare environment. It will also point out the security risks inherent to electronic storage of confidential health information and compounded by access to this information through the internet. As background information, the core components and functions of Healthcare IT will be discussed. The research will also cover the laws that govern the protection of PHI (personal health information), who has access to PHI, and what are the differences in the laws with regards to hosting a service versus being a user of the service. Sources and Methods of Collecting Data The research for this report was done primarily through secondary resources including the transcript from a webinar performed for healthcare IT and compliance personnel covering regulatory compliance within healthcare software as well as articles from Information Technology and Healthcare journals covering issues with security and â€Å"cloud† environments. A survey was also performed in 2009 of the physicians on active staff at Terrebonne General Medical Center. The primary research is also used to demonstrate the lack of adoption within the local physician community. Healthcare Information Technology Healthcare IT is not that different from IT in other industries. The maintenance of pc’s, servers, software, and network connectivity is the same regardless of the business. The difference between Healthcare and most other industries is that the nature of the data being held within the computer systems is incredibly personal and the protection of that data is highly regulated by government entities. Up until the last few years, it was primarily hospitals that had to be concerned with ensuring that electronic patient data was stored and protected correctly. Some technologically advanced physicians have already implemented Electronic Medical Record Systems, but most physicians are only now beginning to explore the multitude of options available due to the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 by the US Congress. Applications Within the realm of healthcare, there are typically two major divisions in computer applications. There are financial systems and clinical systems. Financial systems have been adopted in most hospitals and physician offices, largely due to requirements from insurance companies and government bodies that require data to be transmitted electronically for payment. Clinical systems, however, have not been implemented wide due to lack of knowledge and workflow interruption concerns. â€Å"Elaborate training in new e-healthcare systems is not a luxury that is typically available to healthcare professionals – i.e., doctors, paraprofessionals, (e.g., nurses) and administrative personnel—because of the 24Ãâ€"7 nature and criticality of operations of healthcare organizations, especially hospitals, thus making peer interactions and support a key driver of or barrier to such e-healthcare system use† (Venkatesh, Zhang, & Sykes, 2011). Data and security While a paper could be written solely regarding the storage and maintenance of electronic data, for the purposes of this paper only an overview and best practices will be discussed. Data can be stored in a multitude of different manners, all of which have benefits and downfalls. Saving data locally to a particular computer or other device can be dangerous. Should that device fail, the data saved to it could be lost. Also, data that has been saved locally to a device is more difficult to secure and guarantee that the data will only be accessed by the appropriate person or persons. From an enterprise or business level, the best practice for data storage is to ALWAYS save data to a central location so that is can be backed up regularly and can be accessed from multiple locations. It is also recommended for larger business such as hospitals to have duplicated backups and in some cases the data may be backed up to an off-site facility for disaster management purposes. Though proper backup practices are vital, data security is just as important. Software applications such as Microsoft Active Directory and Novell NETWare are used to provide security to a computer network and the data stored within. Through these systems, users must log into individual workstations and based upon the credentials provided to this log in, the user will only be allowed to access certain portions of the data which is stored somewhere else on the network. This method of access and storage is much safer and more easily controlled than it would be if the data were stored to the hard drive of the device the user is accessing. Security has become more difficult to enforce with the increased adoption of mobile devices. The rapid growth in the number, types, and functionality of mobile devices has been stunning†¦ currently there are over 17,000 healthcare mobile applications listen in major app stores, of which 50% are directed to healthcare professionals (Laverty, Kohun, Wood, & Turchek, 2011). Securing data accessed by Smartphones, tablet computers, iPads, and other handheld devices presents a host of new difficulties. In many cases, these devices are not owned by the facility and thus are not being accessed in the same manner as desktop pc’s and laptops. Challenges Controlling devices that access patient data while working within the confines of HIPAA is a key challenge for healthcare organizations. HIPAA privacy rules apply to all healthcare providers, health plans, healthcare clearinghouses, and business associates (Roach & Wunder, 2009). Internally, data security can be achieved by proper user habits such as logging out of a session when the user is not actively using the system, screensavers that require a password, and automatic timeouts during periods of inactivity all help to ensure that private data cannot be accessed by someone that does not have the legal rights to view the data. Many organizations undergo periodic security audits to assist in finding vulnerabilities within the systems being run. Not only is it a challenge to provide data access security, but it is even more difficult to physically secure a device that someone carries around with them and is not stationary. Some programs like Microsoft Exchange (for email) can require that a security threshold be in place before the program can be accessed from a particular device and have the ability to remotely wipe the data from a device should it become compromised. The mobile nature of handheld devices is also a major challenge. In years passed, laptop computers were the only valid threat to data being accessed from off-campus sites. As cellular data technology has gotten fast and now mobile devices can access these wireless systems from nearly anywhere, the threat of data security breaches has increased. Another challenge is keeping up dated with users that should no longer have access to the available systems. Internally, a systems administrator can keep track of employees that are still employed with the organization. It becomes a much more difficult task to police the accessibility of users outside of an organization. Cloud Computing What is cloud computing? The term â€Å"cloud† computing originates from the telecommunications world of the 1990s, when providers began using virtual private network (VPN) services for data communication. (Kaufman, Lori M.;BAE Systems, 2009) Cloud computing shares its resources among a cloud of service consumers, partners, and vendors. (Kaufman, 2009) In simpler terms, cloud computing is a shared infrastructure where hosting and accessing of services is not site specific. The data does not live only on a server in an office or building. Cloud computing can be used to offsite data backup. In lieu of housing a set of storage servers at an offsite facility, organizations can choose to back up their data to the cloud where it will be stored by someone else for a fee. The same process can be applied to applications. Rather than having to invest in expensive hardware that requires maintenance, organizations may choose to run web based applications that are hosted by someone else over the internet for a fee . Cloud computing allows for some systems to interconnect and share data, which is the end goal of electronic medical records and forming a personal health record for patients. Cloud computing has begun to take off as vendors such as Google and Apple have begun to open up their own cloud offerings. Some vendors offer these services for free, such as Google has with its Google Documents offering. Others, such as Apple’s iCloud are offered to users for a fee. Services such as these have enabled users to access personal data from anywhere at any time. Benefit to Implementing in Healthcare Though the upside to implementing EMR systems and sharing data is evident, there are drawbacks. One key concern is that practitioners will be slowed down due to the learning curve involved with using new systems. Physicians have grown accustomed to providing medicine in a certain manner, which does not always work well with electronic charting systems. Another issue at hand is who owns the data? Physicians are not always excited to share their personal notes regarding patient care. â€Å"The whole point of cloud computing is economy (Delaquis & Philbin, 2011).† With the passage of the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, physician and hospital organization reimbursement for Medicare and Medicaid will be tied to meeting certain â€Å"meaningful use† guidelines. In order to get full reimbursement for services provided, these providers are being pushed to document their practice of medicine electronically and in turn this information will be t he property of the patient and shared with other providers to ensure proper continuity of care. The idea behind this is that there will be fewer medical errors and the patient will have access to all the information necessary to make informed decisions regarding their healthcare. From a provider stand point, this means that â€Å"hopefully† all medically necessary information will be available to medical professionals in order to provide the necessary medical care and fewer errors will be made due to lack of patient health history. Electronic documentation and ordering also has a few other side effects. Fewer errors should be made due to less human intervention and interpretation of orders and, with luck, better coding and documentation of services rendered will lead to increased revenue. Because physician adoption is low, the building of personal health records is moving much more slowly (see Illustration below for EMR adoption rates at a local hospital) than the growth of cloud computing as a whole. Illustration 1 Conclusion Though there are definite risks involved with the storage and transfer of protected personal health information, the use of mobile devices in the work place is driving cloud computing and will continue to do so. In order to get healthcare providers to begin adopting electronic systems, the systems must be user friendly and work well within the flow of the practice of medicine and not inhibit the proper care from provided. The environment of healthcare is changing and the delivery of healthcare information must change with it. Patients no longer expect to just be given appropriate care, but they now insist on being involved with the decision making regarding how that care is rendered. Moving health information into a cloud environment and allowing that information to be shared will eventually lead to better healthcare for everyone, no matter which hospital the patient is in or which physician is providing the care. Works Cited Delaquis, R. S., & Philbin, G. (2011). To Cloud or Not to Cloud? Issues in Information Systems, Volume XII, No. 1, 54-58. Kaufman, Lori M.;BAE Systems. (2009, July/August). http://www.computer.org. Retrieved from IEEE Computer Society: http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/sp/2009/04/msp2009040061.html Laverty, J. P., Kohun, F. G., Wood, D. F., & Turchek, J. (2011). Vulnerabilities and Threats to Mobile Device Security from a Practitioner’s Point of View. Issues in Information Systems; Vloume XII, No. 2, 181-193. Miller, Esp., W. J. (November 3, 2011). New World of Medical Appls: Beware Regulatory Traps! Progressive Healcare Conferences. Malvern, PA. Mishra, S., Leone, G. J., Caputo, D. J., & Calabrisi, R. R. (2011). Security Awareness for Health Care Information Systems: A HIPAA Compliance Perspective. Issues in Information Systems, Volume XII, No. 1, 224-236. Pardue, J. H., & Patidar, P. (2011). Threats to Healthcare Data: A Threat Tree for Rick Assessment. Issues in Information Systems, Volume XII, No. 1, 106-113. Paullet, K. L., Pinchot, J. L., Douglas, D., & Rota, D. R. (2011). Mobile Technology: Plugged In and Always On. Issues in Information Systems; Volume XII, No. 1, 141-150. Roach, W., & Wunder, G. (2009). Privacy Under Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996: The Impact of RFID. Issues in Information Systems, 237-241.

Katherine Mansfield’s “Miss Brill” Essay

Katherine Mansfield’s short story â€Å"Miss Brill† is an great example of how a writer can use various literary techniques to lead the reader to a better understanding of Miss Brill the character. Instead of merely stating the message of the story, Mansfield used various literary techniques to allow the reader to draw his own conclusions about the character. Using these literary aspects to reveal a truth about a character to the reader is often referred to as characterization. Four of the most easily recognized literary techniques used in Mansfield’s â€Å"Miss Brill† are her use of symbolism, setting, allusion, and points of view used by different characters in her story. Symbolism plays a very large part in understanding Miss Brill the character. This can easily be seen by the relationship between Miss Brill and her â€Å"alter-ego†, the fur. A symbol is â€Å"a person, object or event that suggests more than its literal meaning.† In other words, it is something that has two levels of meaning: on the literal level it is what it is, for example, Miss Brill’s fur is just a fur. It can also represent a more â€Å"hidden† meaning such as the fur being a symbol for Miss Brill herself. Miss Brill lives for the days that she spends in the park, this can be seen when she rubs â€Å"the life back into [her fur’s] dim little eyes†. This quote reveal that the trips to the park help to â€Å"rub† life back into Miss Brill. The condition of the furs eyes also imply that Miss Brill is not as full of life as he once might have been, but as long as she can see the beauty and worth still in her fur, she can retain her sense of worth. Mansfield uses the bond between Miss Brill and the fur the show how deeply she needs to belong. For example, throughout the story when Miss Brill is happy the fur is also happy, and when the fur is insulted then Miss Brill is also insulted. Perhaps the best example of this bond is when Miss Brill is sitting in her cupboard-like room and puts her fur away, and thinks that she hears â€Å"something crying†. Rather than facing the sadness and disappointment of the day, she attributes her sadness to the fur. The setting of â€Å"Miss Brill† is an important feature of the story because Miss Brill defines herself in relation to the setting. As she walks about the park, she feels more and more in tune with her setting, as she notices that  all of the people at the park, including herself, are actors in a weekly play. Her sense of herself in relation to the setting changes drastically, of course, when she overhears the young couple ridiculing her. As the story opens, she is upbeat and happy watching the other people in the park. After the young couple mock her, we see the sadness as she walks slowly back to her apartment, her â€Å"cupboard†. Mansfield also uses allusion to reinforce the theme of the story. We first see Miss Brills allusions to a cupboard as she describes the other elderly people in the park. She seems to sympathize with them because they are not a part of this grand play like she is. After being confronted by the young couple, Miss Brill realizes that she also lives in a â€Å"room like a cupboard†. This allusion Mansfield gives to Miss Brill’s room is valuable because of two reasons. She first used the term â€Å"cupboard† to describe the homes of the â€Å"funny old people† in the park every Sunday. It does not occur to Miss Brill that she is also one of these â€Å"funny old people† , however, Mansfield tells the audience that she is indeed one of these â€Å"funny old people† when she describes Miss Brill’s room to the reader. The used of the term â€Å"cupboard† is also important because it demonstrates the effect setting can have on the readers opinion to the characters true nature. The quote referring to Miss Brills cupboard room, also gives the reader a look at the point of view that Miss Brill has. When Miss Brill is happy her room is not so bad, however, when she is depressed then her point of view is that she is like those â€Å"funny old people† that she notices in the park every Sunday. In â€Å"Miss Brill,† the limited omniscient point of view allows the reader to see that Miss Brill remains unchanged when the story ends. The point of view is based strictly on what Miss Brill sees and feels, without being biased by her rose-colored view of life. Upon arriving at the park, Miss Brill begins to take in the details of her surroundings. She seem to cling to the best qualities of her surroundings – there were far more people than last Sunday, the band sounded louder and gayer, and the conductor was wearing a new coat. As she sits in her â€Å"special seat† she is disappointed that the odd man and seated next to her. She had become â€Å"quite an expert at listening as though she didn’t listen†. She views her eavesdropping as active participation in  conversations surrounding her. Although she continues to watch the others in the crowd in and awe and fascination, she views the elderly people in the crowd quite differently. She calls them â€Å"odd, silent and nearly all old†¦and they looked as though they had just come from dark little rooms or even – even cupboards†. Trying to keep her mid of the elderly people, Miss Brill convinces herself of her importance in this grand play and that â€Å"no doubt, somebody would have noticed is she hadn’t been there†. When the young couple seated beside her begin to talk, Miss Brill listens intently to their conversation. It is then that she hears them talk of her the way she has been viewing the other elderly people throughout the afternoon. â€Å"Why does she come here at all – who wants her†? The omniscient point of view allows the reader to view this conversation as it actually occurred, not as Miss Brill would have no doubt changed it in her mind. When she returns home â€Å"to her room like a cupboard† without getting her usual slice of honey cake, we see that she scene at the park has affected her. Yet, she is not changed by it. When she puts away the fur, â€Å"she thinks she hears something crying†. As a defense mechanism, she attributes her grief and pain to the fur, making it possible to carry on in her fantasy world. Mansfield’s â€Å"Miss Brill† is an excellent example of how a reader can gain an understanding of a character through characterization. The reader is allowed to understand and interpret the story utilizing their own methods. Mansfield uses the literary methods of symbolism, setting, and points of view to enable the reader to understand the story and this get the greater meaning. Bibliography â€Å"A Short Story: Katherine Mansfield’s Miss Brill†. http://www.op.org/domcentral/study/ashley/arts/arts404.htm Mansfield, Katherine. â€Å"Miss Brill.† Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry and Drama. Ed. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 7th ed. New York: 1999. 33-37. â€Å"Symbolism†. http://www.kysu.edu/artsscience/LLP/211/symbolsm.htm

Esl Teaching Education For Esl Teachers Essay - 1109 Words

Susie Caldera Mrs. Tateoka English 12 2-B October 23, 2015 ESL Teaching Education Researchers say that by 2025 that non-speaking English population will increase, making a demand for more ESL teachers. In all states there should be ESL teachers due to the fact that most students don’t know English. My paper will be about the goals the ESL teachers have outlook, requirements, and the salary. When ESL students come to the U.S it’s so that they can learn how to read, write, and speak the English language. The goal for the ESL teachers is preparing the ESL students to become comfortable with the reading and writing, and to become successful members of society. When ESL students come to the U.S they struggle because they don’t know the English language. When they come to school in the U.S it’s to learn how to read, write, and speak the language. When students learn everything that they teached them, the things in society become easier for them, because they learned the English language. 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